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Nanomaterials play a pivotal role in diverse fields, including electronics, photonics, energy, catalysts, and environmental applications. To fully exploit their potential, efficient assembly and integration techniques are essential, enabling scalability. However, conventional integration methods often entail uncontrolled heat deposition and non-selective processing, leading to undesirable outcomes. Nanoscale welding, using short and ultrashort pulsed lasers, emerges as a promising solution, representing one of the advanced welding techniques with non-contact and precise natures to tailor nanoscale junctions with remarkable accuracy.

This research investigates nanoscale welding mechanisms and interfacial engineering of p-type metal oxide semiconductive copper oxide (CuO) nanowires. By employing short pulsed lasers in a two-stage process, we have demonstrated the capacity to form nanoscale CuO joints with good controllability, and adjust their electrical and mechanical properties. The process involves selectively breaking of CuO nanowires with an initial set of laser pulses, followed by a second set of pulses applied with an optimized orientation to enhance bonding and junction formation. The resulting networks composed of CuO nanowire junctions are employed in strain sensors with significantly enhanced gauge factor.