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Accurate cost estimating is key to profitable projects for companies and should be an ongoing endeavor to ensure realistic estimates. Key components of an estimate include the obvious ones: contract document review, governing standards, quality requirements, connection design, detailing, materials, equipment and transportation. In addition, time and costs relating to welding and above all, the welder operating factor are often more difficult to determine. We recommend that a company-specific welding efficiency study be performed. Factors that influence welding operating factor determination and factors that effect labour efficiency are presented.